Two lost Bach organ works performed after 320 years

Two long-lost organ compositions by Johann Sebastian Bach were performed publicly for the first time in more than three centuries at St. Thomas Church in Leipzig, Germany, on November 17, marking what officials called a "global sensation" in classical music.semafor+2

The Chaconne in D minor BWV 1178 and Chaconne in G minor BWV 1179, believed to have been written when Bach was 18 years old around 1705, were officially added to the composer's catalogue on Monday and performed by Dutch organist Ton Koopman before an audience that included Germany's Minister of State for Culture and the Media, Wolfram Weimer.news.artnet+3

Decades-Long Detective Work

The manuscripts were first discovered in 1992 by Peter Wollny, now director of the Leipzig Bach Archive, in the Royal Library of Belgium. However, authentication proved challenging because the works were unsigned, undated, and not written in Bach's handwriting.semafor+3

The breakthrough came through identifying the copyist as Salomon Günther John, a previously unknown Bach pupil who studied under the composer in Arnstadt from 1705 to 1707. The discovery was made possible through the BACH Research Portal, a project by the Saxon Academy of Sciences and Humanities that is digitizing all available archives related to the Bach family. Wollny's colleague, Dr. Bernd Koska, found a 1729 job application letter in a Thuringian church archive where John claimed to have been Bach's student. After locating earlier writing samples from around 1705, researchers definitively matched the handwriting to John's.news.artnet+3

Musical Characteristics

According to Wollny, the pieces contain features unique to Bach's early period, including techniques reminiscent of Georg Böhm, the Lüneburg organist who taught Bach from 1700 to 1702. The works demonstrate sophisticated compositional elements rarely seen in such young composers, combining variation and ostinato with extended fugue sections. The Chaconne in D minor features a complex seven-bar ostinato theme that expands through individual variations, while the G minor piece reveals itself as an early companion to the chaconne movement in Bach's Cantata BWV 150.news.artnet+2

Koopman, president of the Leipzig Bach Archive and the performer at Monday's ceremony, praised the discovery. "When one thinks of the young Bach or even Mozart, it is often assumed that the genius came later—but not so!" he said. "These two works are of a very high quality scarcely to be expected in one so young".bachfestleipzig+2

The original manuscripts remain at the Royal Library of Belgium, while the sheet music is now available from publishing house Breitkopf & Härtel.news.artnet+1